#35: CO2, Ketosis, and Mitochondria | PUFA, Sugar, Iron, and AGEs | Progesterone and Cell Stability

00:00 - Intro music
03:56 - Skip intro music
04:19 - The flow of electrons, organization, proteins, electron acceptors and donors, Jeremy England, Vladimir Vernadsky, Otto Warburg, Albert Szent-Györgyi, William F. Koch, CO2
16:42 - Energy, the assumption of randomness, and order
19:05 - Albert-Szent Györgyi, the living state, proliferation, and differentiation
21:16 - Landmarks in cellular metabolism: fatty acids vs. carbohydrate
24:55 - "Glucose oxidation produces around 25% more NADH and half as much FADH2 as fat oxidation. Together, this leads to a ratio of FADH2 to NADH that is around 2.5 times lower than that of fat oxidation." Carbs vs. Fats: Which is the Better Fuel? by Jay Feldman Wellness
26:44 - Complex I, superoxide radical, and nitric oxide
28:24 - Methylene blue, functional antioxidant, and oxidizing agent
31:38 - Ringer's lactate solution, the recent deification of lactic acid
32:25 - Clarification on the optimal reduction/oxidation balance
34:03 - What is the consequence of turning off pyruvate dehydrogenase?
36:35 - Is it good that fatty acids skip glycolysis?
37:27 - Lipolysis, beta-oxidation, and estrogen
38:13 - The role of progesterone in regulating the redox balance
40:44 - Does pregnenolone "fill-in" for cortisol?
42:48 - High levels of progesterone compensates for the removal of the adrenal glands in rats
45:22 - Is progesterone a quinone (electron withdrawing agent)?
46:23 - What are the arguments for favoring NADH over NAD+?
47:31 - PUFAs are essential for destructive lipid peroxidation
49:15 - Glycerol from free fatty acids help form methylglyoxal that increases the formation of advanced glycation end-products, which is usually blamed on sugar
53:50 - Is pregnenolone "safer" than cholesterol?
57:00 - Progesterone vs. pregnenolone for stress, progesterone opposing many different layers of stress (e.g., adrenals, pituitary, hypothalamus, etc.)  
59:57 - Staying in the oxidized state is an "uphill battle"
01:01:43 - Glucose, fructose, trehalose, and the generation of lactic acid, the protective effects of fructose, fructose as an antidote to ethanol
01:04:59 - Inositol ordering cellular water, depression
01:07:26 - CIA project aerodynamic, Yuri Bezmenov was a CIA agent, Stalin's opposition to the Rothschilds and Rockefellers
01:13:17 - Who was responsible for Trotsky's murder? 
01:19:10 - Ray's clarification on "nazism" (i.e., eugenics focused [coronavirus as an extension of nazism])
01:20:28 - What accounts for the rivalry between the empires?
01:23:07 - 'You can't understand the framing of Stalin unless you understand his opposition to the Rothschilds and Rockefellers'
01:24:05 - What would Ray say to Russians who have a negative view of Stalin?
01:26:04 - 'Highly educated bright history students don't understand how corrupt history has been for the last 130 years'
01:27:43 - 'The eugenics technocrats vs. the doomsday zionists'
01:30:44 - 'MLK was the victim of a government-led conspiracy'
01:33:41 - Cold Case Hammarskjöld (movie), MK-NAOMI, HIV, the elimination of black and gay people
01:39:29 - 'China won't use a western vaccine'
01:40:04 - What's going to happen when people start noticing bad reactions to the vaccine?
01:42:19 - The media's hot take on the destruction of the economy
01:43:48 - Who is Eric Schmidt aligned with?
01:44:37 - What relationship does the pentagon have with the power elite?
01:45:57 - Where are the benefits of the genetic-determinism theory?
01:47:18 - The rate of aging vs. "health" 
01:53:13 - Does the protein requirement decrease with age?

+more