Ethereum’s Staking Endgame

Hasu and Jon bring on Ansgar and Caspar from the Ethereum Foundation to discuss the ETH staking endgame. 
 
Ansgar and Caspar recently published two controversial research posts which included a proposal to change Ethereum’s issuance curve. They are concerned that the current ETH staking economics could lead to nearly 100% of ETH being staked, with much of that in LSTs. They propose reducing issuance and targeting a lower stake rate.
 
We go deep in this episode on PoS economics, liquid staking, restaking, economic security, centralization concerns, and much more.
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Timestamps:
(00:00) Intro
(00:25) Possible Changes to ETH Staking?  
(00:49) Overview of Current ETH Staking
(16:32) LSTs & Staking Rate Increasing        
(21:36) Nominal vs Real Yield
(23:22) Tax Implications of Staking
(27:57) Staking Demand & External Revenue
(35:33) Stake Ratio Targeting
(36:21) Is 100% Staking Bad?
(40:05) Can ETH LSTs be Money?
(55:24) Would Any Changes Make a Difference?
(01:04:05) Stake Targeting
(01:10:20) Will Targeting Centralize Validators?
(01:22:53) Fiat Money Parallels         
(01:25:16) MEV & Restaking Revenue          
(01:30:52) Electra Proposal to Change Issuance
(01:46:01) Security Budget & Economic Security      
(01:53:40) Validator Set Quality         
(01:55:10) Incentives to Maximize Validator Decentralization
(02:19:00) PoS vs PoW Political Complexity
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Twitter:
Hasu - https://twitter.com/hasufl
Jon Charbonneau - https://twitter.com/jon_charb
Uncommon Core 2.0 - https://twitter.com/UCC2_xyz
Ansgar - https://twitter.com/adietrichs
Caspar - https://twitter.com/casparschwa
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Referenced Materials:
Endgame Staking Economics: A Case for Targeting - https://ethresear.ch/t/endgame-staking-economics-a-case-for-targeting/18751
Electra: Issuance Curve Adjustment Proposal - https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/electra-issuance-curve-adjustment-proposal/18825
Properties of issuance level: consensus incentives and variability across potential reward curves - https://ethresear.ch/t/properties-of-issuance-level-consensus-incentives-and-variability-across-potential-reward-curves/18448
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