ELI5 Altitude and Heat - why is it colder at higher elevations?

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If hot air rises and cold air falls, why is it generally hotter at lower elevations and colder at higher elevations? Why is the temperature near the equator hotter than at the poles of the earth? Why is Death Valley the hottest place on Earth when it’s not near the equator?
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Thank you to Robert for Pittsburgh, Pa. for writing in with this question.
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ELI5 Altitude and Heat - why is it colder at higher elevations?

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ELI5 Altitude and Heat - why is it colder at higher elevations?
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